A senior DPP party official in Chiradzulu provided another example that shows how important economic status is. He said the DPP had strongly promoted its candidate, Dr. Mbilizi, and that the DPP was the most popular party in the entire district, so in his opinion, the elections were just a matter of formality. Dr. Mbilizi was hired to win. However, a little-known male independent candidate, Mahomed Osman (who was not from Chiradzulu, but a Malawian of Asian descent), managed to win the election. The general opinion was that Mr. Osman had won because he was good at distributing handouts such as blankets and bicycles, and had dug many boreholes in Chiradzulu. Although the DPP candidate was supported by party guardians because she was perceived as economically strong (the main criterion, in addition to her good education), the independent candidate turned out to be economically stronger, and he won by a good margin. We also found that political party guardians will support women who apply for party positions if they want to support party structures at the grassroots level. In interviews with several political party secretaries at the district level, we found that guards` support for women was high in many cases, but that it was women`s representation in non-senior positions within the party. A boy needs his father to be the initiator guardian of a world of dog-eating dogs! A typology of combinations of these characteristics then makes it possible to evaluate the potential interactions between the guardian and the gated according to the number and type of attributes of a person. Their discussion of „the gated“ resonates with audience control in that both allow message recipients in the control process.
Third, our interviewees mentioned that due to cultural norms, very few women assert themselves. Supposedly, they lack self-confidence, and this is exploited by their male rivals. According to the guardians, the cultural attitudes that expect women to obey their husbands extend to political parties, where most women remain virtually silent. Often they wait for men to lead the way, and men despise women`s abilities. As one government official in Phalombe mentioned, „culture condemned a woman to go to the kitchen, give birth to children, and wash household utensils.“ Therefore, parties are the main „gatekeepers“ and must appoint more women if the numbers are to approach equality, a promise repeatedly made by various political leaders. This access control update also includes a number of classifications, including the basics of access control, the mechanisms used in network control, and the types of authority of network custodians. While formal rules and institutions have made progress on gender equality, particularly in terms of equal representation in local party structures, we have also seen informal rules emerge and replace formal rules when decisions are made and made about who can participate at what level and how. The formal and informal institutional mechanisms within the main political parties are all the product of political considerations led by the political guardians.
The definition of a guardian is a person who controls access to something or someone. A secretary who controls who gets an appointment with a company president is an example of a guard. Among political scientists, gatekeeper is a term usually reserved for individuals or institutions that usually have little to do with civil society – political elites and party leaders, institutions like the US Electoral College or the European Parliament, even election officials and election workers. This role has also been frequently attributed to the media. Political science and political literature have been the subject of heated debate on the importance of political parties as strategic media for promoting women`s participation in political life. The argument of the „School of Democracy“ asserts that political parties, by exposing citizens to politics, are crucial actors in the socialization, recruitment, appointment and election of candidates for public office and in the transmission of the principles of the democratic process. The importance of political parties is rooted in the fact that access to political power and decision-making usually begins at the level of political parties. Expectations are even higher in a multi-party democratic environment where competing parties represent multiple opportunities for participation and representation of previously marginalized segments of society, including but not limited to women. The doorman assured us that a thousand visitors in a single day were not uncommon. The access control process has moved from the traditional act of deciding which news is the best news, but information in general. According to Marcelo Thomas, there are actors called intermediaries who deal with the architecture of the information with which we come into contact. You decide on the structure and content of our information.
[19] These decisions turn these intermediaries into technological gatekeepers. Providing information to a member of the organization, as well as to individuals outside the organization, is less about the results of setting the media agenda than about the practical approach to usability. An example of this role would be a content manager for a company`s knowledge base. All articles and reference documents are organized and updated by these managers. Although they can work as a team with supervision, the fact remains that decisions are made regarding the content that will be present on the site and how it will be displayed. At the same time, party guardians were less interested in promoting female candidates to controversial elected public positions such as deputies and district and municipal councils. The criterion for supporting guardians for different applicants is usually their „eligibility“, and this is largely based on the applicant`s economic status. As the keeper of Battery Park, Mike will likely have to deal with hundreds of smoking tourists every day. The chief of staff is the guardian, which leads to a lot of power, but is far from absolute. The problem I had with the term guard is that here you have a person in charge of keeping someone else away, of excluding him, of controlling access, like the „Lieutenant de Police“ in pre-modern Paris, who supervises the comings and goings through the gates of the walled city. However, if the condition of a democratic citizen is that of a person who chooses freely, then the guardians are in fact an anomaly.
Who decides I can vote, but you cannot? Who determines the list of candidates from whom I can choose for me? Do I really need permission to participate? Today, we are facing what is arguably the greatest crisis that liberal democracies have faced since the end of the Second World War, both institutionally and normatively. Railings squeak; standards have been broken. Traditional gatekeepers seem powerless to resist the systemic challenges of the status quo. The barbarians are at the gates. The real question, then, is whether another type of guardian can intervene to preserve and promote our democracies. Women members also facilitate logistical issues related to the organization of party meetings such as welcoming visitors. Most importantly, they help provide more support by attracting their female comrades to the party. According to one of the guardians, „women articulate the merits of the party much better than men.“ After our interviews with candidates, as well as party officials, guardians usually support and promote people who look like them, and therefore, because there are few female guardians, women tend to be marginalized. In other words, if there were more babysitters, it would probably be that they would promote more women.
We looked at women`s offer of political participation and activism and identified some of the factors that explain why women choose to run for political office (or not). In our study of what drives women to participate in local politics in Malawi, what drives women to volunteer for elections and seek positions within party structures, we found that this is due in part to the support of spouses and traditional and religious leaders, as well as exposure to development projects, NGOs and local government institutions. .